Washington's nine documented hummingbird species tie the state with Oregon for the most in the Pacific Northwest — well ahead of Idaho's six, though still short of California's eleven. That's a genuinely diverse list for a state most people associate with just one backyard bird, and it includes a real split most guides gloss over: four species you can actually expect to see, and five that show up so rarely they're each backed by a specific, named accepted record.

This page's job is identification and confidence — which hummingbirds you're actually looking at, and how sure you can be. For when each species shows up through the year, see our Washington hummingbird calendar; for feeder setup and attracting them to your yard, see how to attract hummingbirds in Washington.

All 9 documented Washington hummingbird species, grouped by tier — statewide eBird data, 2016–2025, cross-checked against the Washington Bird Records Committee's own accepted-record history.

The Hummingbirds You're Most Likely to See

Anna's Hummingbird

Anna's is Washington's only true year-round resident hummingbird, and by a wide margin its most common — a statewide peak frequency of 34%, more than double every other species on this list combined. Seattle Audubon's BirdWeb dates the state's first confirmed breeding record to 1976, in Tacoma; the species has since spread through the lowlands of southeastern Puget Sound and continues expanding into eastern Washington via community-science reporting. If you keep a feeder up through a Puget Sound winter, this is almost certainly the bird visiting it — it's the only Washington hummingbird equipped to do that at all.

Quick ID: Males show an iridescent rose-pink to magenta crown and throat together — the only Washington hummingbird with a colored crown, not just a colored throat. Both sexes have a stocky build and a mostly green back.

Rufous Hummingbird

Rufous is Washington's common summer breeder — BirdWeb calls it flatly a "common summer resident," arriving late February to early March and departing late July through September, with most gone by August. This is a real, verified correction from an earlier internal classification: Rufous had briefly been mistiered as a year-round resident based on a misread of population turnover through the season, but BirdWeb's own month-by-ecoregion table shows November, December, and January blank across all nine Washington ecoregions — the only near-winter entry statewide is a single "rare" designation for February in the Puget Trough. Among Washington's hummingbirds, only Anna's genuinely overwinters here.

Quick ID: Adult males are almost entirely rufous-orange on the back, tail, and flanks, with an iridescent orange-red throat. Females and immatures are green-backed with a rufous wash on the flanks and tail base — and genuinely difficult to separate from female Allen's without care.

Black-chinned Hummingbird

Black-chinned is Washington's least common regular breeder. BirdWeb is explicit about this ranking, and about where to actually find one: east of the Cascades at low elevations, in the steppe and Ponderosa pine zones, with the highest concentrations around Spokane and the Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in Spokane County. It nests low — typically three to ten feet up in a tree fork, often directly over a small creek bed. Cornell's Birds of the World independently confirms breeding range extending north into southern British Columbia, consistent with a real eastern Washington population rather than an edge-of-range fluke.

Quick ID: Males show a black throat with just a thin iridescent purple band at the very bottom — often looking entirely black unless the light hits it right. Overall plumage is plain green-and-white, the least flashy of Washington's regular breeders.

Calliope Hummingbird

North America's smallest breeding bird, and a genuine Washington mountain specialist. BirdWeb places most breeders in the Ponderosa pine zone, in mixed brushland, forest edges, and open woodland, with a small outlying western-Cascades population along the upper Skagit River near Newhalem. Cornell's Birds of the World and All About Birds both describe the species surviving and breeding successfully in "chilling" high-elevation northwestern environments — the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife's own species page documents breeding-range sightings in the Blue Mountains near Walla Walla, the Wells Wildlife Area, and around Leavenworth in Chelan County.

Quick ID: North America's smallest bird species. Males show streaky magenta rays on a white throat rather than a solid gorget — unique among Washington's hummingbirds — and a short tail that doesn't extend past the wingtips at rest.

Washington Hummingbirds in Winter

Once Rufous, Calliope, and Black-chinned head south for the season, Washington's hummingbird story doesn't end — it just narrows to a single species. Only Anna's Hummingbird stays through the cold months, and it does so as a genuine non-migratory resident, not a handful of late stragglers. If you see a hummingbird at a Washington feeder in December, it's Anna's — nothing else on this state's list is built for that.

If You're Lucky: The Pacific Northwest Rarities

Costa's Hummingbird

Costa's is the one genuine exception among Washington's five rare species — not a one-off, but a real, if infrequent, recurring vagrant. The Washington Bird Records Committee has accepted 18 records through November 2025, all dating from 1989 onward, with roughly annual activity in the most recent five years. The eBird signal behind that number resolves almost entirely (98.6%) to a single returning bird at a private yard in Ellensburg, Kittitas County — first present in June 2021, returning again in April–June 2022 — a textbook example of one known individual driving a statistic that looks, at a glance, like a small population. Washington remains on the WBRC's active review list; Oregon, by contrast, is no longer a review species there, with over 40 records and a confirmed breeding record, which is part of why Washington's status still reads as genuinely rare rather than an emerging population.

Quick ID: Males show an extensive violet-purple crown and throat with long gorget feathers that flare out past the sides of the neck like a mustache. Build is stockier and shorter-tailed than Black-chinned.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Washington's only accepted Ruby-throated record is a single bird photographed at Ridgefield, Clark County, October 24–25, 2017 — the WBRC's most recent full checklist review, current through November 2025, confirms nothing has been added since. An earlier 1992 Kittitas County claim was formally reviewed and not accepted. This eastern species has no business in the Pacific Northwest under normal circumstances, and the record is treated accordingly — a genuine, single, well-documented accidental, not the start of a pattern.

Quick ID: Males have an iridescent red throat (looks black without direct light) and an entirely green back with no rufous coloring anywhere — that total absence of rufous is the key separator from every species Washington actually expects.

Broad-tailed Hummingbird

Four accepted Washington records exist for Broad-tailed, all clustered between 2000 and 2005 in the state's southeastern corner — Asotin and Walla Walla counties — consistent with edge-of-range overshoot from the established Idaho/Oregon Blue Mountains breeding population just across the border, rather than any Washington breeding presence of its own. Nine additional historical reports, mostly from the Spokane area, were reviewed and not accepted. Nothing has been recorded since 2005.

Quick ID: Males show a rose-pink throat similar to Anna's but with a green crown, not pink. In flight, their wings produce a distinctive high, metallic trilling sound unlike any other Washington species.

Allen's Hummingbird

Washington's two accepted Allen's records are both 19th-century: Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, in 1856, and a specimen collected in Seattle in 1894. Every modern-era report since — including sightings in 2009 and 2017 — has been reviewed and not accepted, and for a specific, honest reason worth stating plainly: Allen's is genuinely difficult to separate from Rufous Hummingbird in the field, especially in female and immature plumage, and neither modern report cleared that identification bar. This is the same field-mark limitation several state records committees recognize formally — it isn't a knock on the observers, it's a real constraint of the birds themselves.

Quick ID: Nearly identical to Rufous. Adult males can be separated by a green back (Rufous shows rufous-orange), but females and immatures are essentially inseparable in the field without a bird in hand.

Broad-billed Hummingbird

Washington's only Broad-billed record — and the record that added the species to the state's official checklist at all — is an immature male photographed at Carson, Skamania County, October 25–26, 2014. Nothing has been recorded since. This is a Mexico-and-southwest-borderlands species with no expected presence this far north or west; the 2014 bird was a genuine, well-documented one-off.

Quick ID: A coral-red bill with a black tip sets this species apart from every other Washington hummingbird at a glance. Males show a glittering blue-green throat and body.

Washington Hummingbirds at a Glance

Statewide eBird data, 2016–2025 (Cornell Lab of Ornithology). Also documented but too rare to chart reliably: Allen's, Broad-billed, Broad-tailed, Costa's, and Ruby-throated Hummingbird — see each species' Washington Bird Records Committee history below.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many species of hummingbirds are in Washington?

Nine, per the Washington Bird Records Committee's accepted-record history and statewide eBird data: four you can realistically expect to see (Anna's, Rufous, Calliope, and Black-chinned) and five documented only as rare, one-off, or historic records (Costa's, Ruby-throated, Broad-tailed, Allen's, and Broad-billed).

What is the most common hummingbird in Washington?

Anna's Hummingbird, by a wide margin — a statewide peak frequency of 34%, more than double every other species combined, and the only one present through the winter.

Do hummingbirds stay in Washington all winter?

Only Anna's Hummingbird does. It's a genuine year-round, non-migratory resident, concentrated in western Washington's lowlands. Every other species on the state's list migrates out by fall.

Can you see a Rufous and an Allen's Hummingbird in Washington?

Rufous, regularly — it's one of the state's four common breeders. Allen's Hummingbird is a genuine rarity, with only two accepted Washington records, both from the 1800s, and every modern report since has failed identification review specifically because Allen's is extremely difficult to distinguish from Rufous in the field without a bird in hand.

Why We Created This Guide

Pop's Birding has been helping hummingbird lovers for three generations. One of the questions our customers ask most often is "what hummingbirds am I actually looking at?" — we built this guide to give a direct, sourced answer, not a generic one. Most hummingbird content treats every state's list the same way, listing species without distinguishing a bird you'll see every summer from one documented exactly once in over a century. Washington's list needed that distinction more than most: five of its nine species are single-digit-record rarities, and lumping them in with Anna's and Rufous would badly overstate how likely you are to see one.

How We Created This Guide

Source and scope. Statewide eBird bar chart data, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 2016–2025, cross-checked against the Washington Bird Records Committee's full accepted-record history through its November 2025 checklist update.

How we separate a real pattern from a single well-publicized bird. Every species clearing measurable statewide frequency gets its raw weekly data checked for multi-year recurrence versus single-season clustering before being called a regular pattern — Costa's Hummingbird's 18 accepted records looked, at a glance, like modest population presence, but the underlying eBird signal resolves almost entirely to one returning individual at a single Ellensburg yard. Where a state records committee exists, as it does here, its accepted-record counts and dates are the stronger, second cross-check — used throughout this page's rarity section rather than eBird frequency alone.

What makes the frequency chart honest. Only species with real measurable statewide signal are plotted. Washington's five rare species either sit at the practical measurement floor or produced no statewide eBird signal at all in this window — they're real, individually documented records, just not chart-scale patterns, and the chart's caption says so rather than omitting them silently.

What's original here. The four-tier status system — Breeding, Year-Round Resident, Migrant/Winter Visitor, and Rare/Casual, with a further Historic/Accidental distinction inside the rare tier for species with nothing recent regardless of total record count. Washington's own data made that last distinction especially visible: four of its five rare species are Historic/Accidental, with nothing recorded in this century in three of the four cases.

Sources

• eBird bar chart data, Cornell Lab of Ornithology — Washington statewide, 2016–2025.
• Washington Bird Records Committee, Washington Ornithological Society — source for every rare-species record count and status on this page.
• All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology — source for identification field marks.